Targeted Violence

Subtopics

Physical Security

School Security Personnel

Violence Prevention

Prevent and mitigate targeted violence incidents.

Targeted violence refers to violence that is premeditated and directed at specific individuals, groups, or locations. Perpetrators select their targets to achieve specific motives, such as the resolution of a grievance or to make a political or ideological statement. Targeted violence is distinct from violence that is impulsive, random, or spontaneous and is often distinguished by pre-attack behaviors that suggest violence as a possible outcome. Those behaviors, if identified and addressed, can reduce the likelihood of a targeted violence incident at your school. One practice for preventing targeted school violence is through the use of a multidisciplinary school threat assessment team, comprised of school staff tasked to identify, assess, and intervene with students who may pose a risk of harm to themselves or others.

Schools can work to prepare for potential acts of targeted violence by improving their campuses’ physical security and involving school personnel who are trained to prevent, recognize, and respond to threats of violence, as well as implementing other violence prevention strategies. Physical security measures can mitigate threats and reduce the amount of harm inflicted if incidents occur. Conducting a site assessment and developing building security plans can identify existing vulnerabilities and enhance overall school security.

Some school districts may decide to use school-based law enforcement, including school resource officers (SROs) and other security personnel, to help prevent or mitigate school violence. Implementing an SRO program is a local decision that should be made with significant community input, and school districts should consider the range of options available that best fit their needs. SROs have a unique role in school safety, with a primary focus on prevention and proactive engagement in their community of students and school staff.

Local communities should consider funding, training, and proper staffing as part of the SRO program evaluation. Schools with SRO programs are encouraged to implement high-quality practices in the training and use of SROs in schools. Ensuring SROs carry out their responsibilities in a fair and impartial manner helps students feel safe at school.

Use the filter below to sort resources available based upon stages of preparedness and subtopic.

Featured Resources

These resources are a starting point for learning about targeted violence. Use these resources to help implement a targeted violence prevention plan. Members of the school community can also download this SchoolSafety.gov infographic to access a sampling of physical security resources, this SchoolSafety.gov infographic to learn more about youth violence prevention and related resources, and this SchoolSafety.gov infographic to learn more about targeted violence, strategies to address it, and related resources.

Guidance

K-12 School Security Guide Product Suite

Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, 2022

The suite is a set of products designed to inform safety and physical security planning for K-12 schools. It includes the K-12 School Security Guide (3rd ed.), which provides a comprehensive doctrine and systems-based methodology for vulnerability assessment, planning, and implementation of layered physical security elements, and the School Security Assessment Tool, a web-based assessment that walks users through a tailorable vulnerability analysis and provides results and recommendations that can be integrated into a school’s existing safety and security plans.

Tool

Active Shooter Exercise Starter Kits

Department of Homeland Security

These self-conducted tabletop exercises, tailored for the academic community, include a set of scalable tools aimed to test existing emergency plans, protocols, and procedures, while also strengthening preparedness, response, and recovery capabilities in the event of an active shooter situation.

Filter Resources

All Targeted Violence Resources

The federal government identified additional resources that highlight strategies for school safety. Use these resources to learn more about targeted violence.

Guidance

The NASSP Principal Recovery Network Guide to Recovery

Third Party

This downloadable guide is a collection of personal best practices and practical advice from principals and assistant principals who led schools in recovery after a shooting.

Training Program

Specialized Training Package: Understanding Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)

Department of Education

This downloadable training module aims to help K-12 schools and school districts understand the core principles of CPTED; demonstrate how CPTED is applied in a school setting; and offer recommendations about how CPTED, through the SITE ASSESS mobile application, can be implemented.

Training Program

Specialized Training Package: Conducting K-12 Site Assessments

Department of Education

This downloadable training module was designed to help K-12 schools and school districts develop a greater understanding of site assessments and associated key concepts, such as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design and Universal Design; introduce SITE ASSESS, a free site assessment tool; and provide instructions on how to use the SITE ASSESS technology.